Writing a review of The Matrix is a very hard thing for me to do because this film means a lot to me and therefore I want to do the film justice by writing a good review. To tell the truth the first time I saw the film I was enamored by the effects. I remember thinking to myself that this was one of the most visually stunning films I had ever seen in my life. Also having always been a comic book fan and a fan of films that were larger than life, the transitional element of the story was very appealing to me and this probably heightened my enjoyment of the film very much. It wasn't until some time later (and after having seen the film a few times more) that I started to think about the film. I recognized the Christian elements quite quickly but it wasn't until I wrote an actual 15-page essay on the film that I tapped into some of the philosophical and religious elements and that made me appreciate the film even more. I won't say that I have recognized all elements because the film is quite literally packed with them.
Acting wise the film works excellently. I won't say that there aren't any issues because there are but overall the acting is pretty flawless. Keanu Reeves plays the main character, Neo, or Thomas A. Anderson and while he is not the perfect actor I think he does a pretty good job in The Matrix (and the sequels). He doesn't have the longest of lines which was probably a deliberate choice from the directors and it works because this gives him a better opportunity to work on posture and facial expressions and I must say that overall his body language is very good. Very clear and well defined. Laurence Fishbourne plays Neo's mentor Morpheus and he does an excellent job of it. His lines flow with a certain confidence and style that makes his character somewhat unique and interesting. Carrie-Anne Moss does a good job as well and succeeds in looking both cool and sexy in her leather outfit. Joe Pantoliano, a critically underrated actor does a brilliant job of bringing his character, Cypher, to life. I can't say much about him because his character is pretty essential to the plot and I certainly don't wan't to spoil it for anyone. Gloria Foster appears in a relatively small role that will have greater significance in the following films and she does a very good job. The best acting is provided by Hugo Weaving, however, in his portrayal of Agent Smith. It is really something to watch him act out the changes in his character. Agent Smith gains some human traits like anger, sense of dread, hate and eventually even a sly sense of humor (mostly in the sequels). Two thumbs way up to Weaving who has created one of the finest screen villains of all time.
Effects wise the film is simply stunning and it deservedly was awarded the Oscar for best effects (and was regrettably cheated out of a nomination in the Best Film category) ahead of even Star Wars. The reason that I think The Matrix deserves the Oscar for best effects is simply that the effects in The Matrix are more innovative than the ones in Star Wars. Just take a look at how many times the effects have been spoofed and you'll probably agree. The effects also help in the symbolism of the film and in creating a very dystopian atmosphere not unlike the one seen in Blade Runner and this works brilliantly. The film looks beautiful at all times and today 6 years later (my God has it already been 6 years?) the effects still hold their ground against new science fiction films. Add the effects to the brilliant editing and you have a visual masterpiece on your hands. Very well done.
The reason that I think The Matrix is more reviewable than pretty much any other film is the story and the philosophical and religious elements of the story because with every viewing I catch something I didn't see the previous time I watched it. Without spoiling the film I think I can mention a few of the more obvious elements. Obviously the film draws on the Messiah myth as Neo is a clear reference to Jesus with the analogy of his name (Neo = one, as in The One) but also hidden in his other name, Thomas A. Anderson. The first part of his last name, Anderson comes from the Greek Andros meaning "man" and combine this with the second part of his last name "son" and add a little creativity you will come up with the combination "son of man" which was a title Jesus came up with about himself. Also the first time we meet Neo a man calls him (and I quote): "You're my Saviour man. My own personal Jesus Christ." It doesn't get any more obvious than that. Aside from the Christianic elements the film also gets its inspiration from Budhism, Gnosticism (Gnosis = knowledge) but is also inspired by Plato and his analogy of the Cave and Jean Baudrillard's essay, Simulacra and Simulations. Explaining these elements would make this review go on forever so aside from mentioning them I will not comment on them further.
To all the people who doubt the profound nature of The Matrix I can only give one advice: Free your mind and watch the film again. You won't regret it. If I had to choose a favorite all time film my choice would probably fall on either The Matrix (obviously I don't expect people to agree but if they do thats great) or The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King and I recommend it to all fans of sci-fi and people who like philosophy.
皇帝的英文是king。 英 [kɪŋ],美 [kɪŋ] n. 国王;(纸牌)老K adj. 王的;重要的;基本的 v. 成为国王 过去式:kinged,过去分词:kinged,现在分词:kinging 短语: 1、cheer for the king 向国王欢呼 2、love a king 热爱国王 3、praise a king 颂扬国王 4、serve a king 为国王效劳 5、cruel king 残忍的国王 扩展资料: king的用法 n. (名词) 1、king的基本意思是“君主,国王”,指一个君主制国家中处于至高无上地位的男人,与其相对应的阴性名词是queen。king用于比喻还可表示“巨头,大王”或某一行业中的“杰出人物”。 2、表示封、立、宣布或选举某人为国王时,其前一般不用冠词,其余情况下常加定冠词the。 3、king后常接介词of,表示“…...的国王,...…中之王”。 4、king与表示人名的专有名词连用时可专有化,首字母须大写。
本质上讲,现在对王朝的用法,是不太准确的。很多地方其实应该叫皇朝。不过都用习惯了,也就这样了。
一个国,无论是区域小国、分封诸侯国、藩属国或割据政权,首领无论称王还是称帝,什么时候都可以叫国。实际上,按王朝的正确用法,一个国也什么时候都可以叫王朝(比如汉朝淮南王 统治,就可以叫做淮南王朝)。
不过我们习惯上叫的王朝,大多指皇朝,即能统一区域文明的封建皇朝,且最高统治者拥有皇帝称号的政权。所以一般,秦国后来可以叫秦王朝,但战国另外六个大国,就没有这么叫的了。
楼主你移花接木了,被加冕为神圣罗马帝国皇帝的是奥托一世。查理大帝是因为给基督教作出了伟大贡献而被教皇加冕为罗马人皇帝,只是荣誉称号,他的实际职位是法兰克王国国王。法兰克一直是个王国并非帝国。查理死后法兰克王国分裂成三部分—今天的法国意大利和德国。德国也就是东法兰克王国奥托大帝建立了神圣罗马帝国。--分割线-- (时隔两年我发现我错了)。查理曼是法兰克国王,因为功绩大,支持教廷,被教皇加冕为“罗马人的皇帝”,这开启了教皇为日耳曼君主加冕的传统。因为罗马帝国早已灭亡,东罗马虽以罗马正统自居但与教皇所统治的西方教会(后称天主教)不和,所以事实上并不存在一个罗马帝国,然而却有日耳曼人君主被教皇承认为罗马人的皇帝,这只能认为教皇把古罗马统治者的权威正式授予了新兴的日耳曼世俗君主作为教俗的一个联盟,这种奇怪的现象被称为“皇权转移”。查理曼死后,教皇为皇帝加冕的传统一直延续到16世纪,这期间的大部分时间都有被教皇加冕过的”皇帝“存在。法兰克王国分裂后统治意大利的中法兰克不久也四分五裂,因此一段时间里“罗马人的皇帝”这一光荣称号一直授予意大利的一些小王公。直到963年(大概)东法兰克(后来的德意志)国王奥托一世获得了教皇的加冕。此后皇冠一直在的意志流传下去直到1806年末代皇帝被拿破仑逼迫退位。
奥拓加冕后的东法兰克,初期叫“罗马帝国”,中期叫“神圣罗马帝国”(12世纪末开始),后期叫“德意志民族神圣罗马帝国”(16世纪)。现代人一般叫他神圣罗马帝国以与古罗马区分。你只要明白称帝只是一个形式就好理解了,在西欧中世纪,皇帝只是个荣誉称号,皇帝一开始都是国王,要被教皇加冕后才是皇帝(东罗马不同,不详述了)。因此可以既是国王又是皇帝,况且国王在成为国王前也一般是公爵呢。
我们平时所说的帝国,可以分成称谓意义上的帝国和影响力意义上的帝国。在称谓意义上,只要一国君主自称皇帝,并被外国认可,就可算是帝国。如明治早期的日本,力量并不强大,但在称谓上也叫日本帝国。又如20世纪的埃塞俄比亚,虽然弱小,受英,意等国欺凌,但也是帝国。
在影响力意义上,只要一国足够强大,并实行君主制,就可称帝国。如,对俄国的沙,若干伊斯兰国家的苏丹和哈里发,匈奴的大单于或蒙古大汗,乃至古代亚述,波斯,马其顿的君主们,这些君主并不使用皇帝的称谓,但后人认为他们的制度和影响力符合帝国和皇帝的资格,也可称他们为帝国和皇帝。
1 中国的皇帝
中国古代,最早被后世称为皇或帝的,是伏羲,黄帝这些传说中的君主,他们往往拥有神化的形象,死后飞升天界。而在夏商周三代,最高级别的统治者也只拥有"王","天子"这样的称号。此间文献中的"帝",或是指那些远古传说中的君主,或是指"天"或"天帝",很少用来指代当时的君主。
东周年间,王室衰微,诸侯国大多自称为王,本来普天唯一的王这时演化成一大堆诸侯王。因此秦统六合时,为了宣示自己凌驾于以往诸王的最高地位,采用了"皇帝"的称号。这一称号也被后世的朝代所继承,直到最近的袁世凯称帝为止。
历史上自称皇帝的人众多,除了若干大一统王朝,如秦汉明清等的君主称皇帝外,一些分裂期的君主如三国,十六国,隋末群雄,五代十国的君主也自称皇帝。还有一些"儿皇帝",如唐李渊之于突厥,石敬瑭之于契丹,刘豫之于金。至于民间的小规模占山为王或是搞迷信活动自称皇帝的就更数不胜数了。(1949年以后各地自称皇帝宣扬迷信的案件就有百十起)。
对于历史上这无数的"皇帝",谁是够资格的,谁是不够格的,历史学并没有一个统一的标准。如三国时的刘备,后人承认他资格的,称他为汉昭烈帝;不承认的,称他为蜀主。(称号这样的虚名,本来就无所谓,现代人蹲在厕所里自称宇宙大皇帝,也没人干涉)
中国古代并没有"帝国"的说法。西方学者为了方便起见,把中国的规模较大的朝代称为帝国,也无不可。
2 希腊-罗马和天主教的皇帝
亚历山大大帝:欧洲的第一个被尊崇的"皇帝"。但亚历山大并未自称皇帝,在当时通用的希腊和波斯语中也没有"皇帝"一词。"大帝"这一称号其实是数百年后的罗马君主追封给他的。
古罗马皇帝:那个追封亚历山大为大帝的人,则是欧洲第一个传统意义上的皇帝---罗马帝国的屋大维。奥古斯都追封亚历山大的做法,则是为了渲染自己独裁的合法性,正与中国的秦皇汉武登山封禅祭祀黄帝的做法暗合。需要注意的是,屋大维和其后的十几位皇帝,在名义并未废除共和制,其名义上的职务是共和国的首席元老兼执政官兼终身保民官。直到戴克里先皇帝,才完全废除共和制而采用东方式的宫廷君主制。罗马帝国又经历数百年沉浮,在君士坦丁大帝时代,基督教成为国教。但是,在罗马帝国时代,皇帝并不需要罗马主教长(教皇)的加冕,因为皇帝本人就兼任教会的最高首领大祭司,而教皇是皇帝的下属。此后,罗马帝国分裂为东罗马和西罗马两帝国。
法兰克帝国皇帝:西罗马覆灭后,新入主的日耳曼人和罗马教会结合,产生了一系列新的王国。其中最强大的法兰克王国,在查理国王时期迅速扩张,大有恢复古罗马疆域之势,查理王也被教会加冕为罗马人皇帝。查理的儿子虔诚者路易一世和孙子洛泰尔一世继承了帝位。843年帝国分裂为东,西,中三个王国,皇帝只拥有中法兰克的统治权,不久亦灭亡。
神圣罗马帝国皇帝:962年,东法兰克(即德意志)国王奥托一世由教皇加冕称帝,宣布继承西罗马帝国和查理曼大帝的正统,成为罗马天主教世界名义上的最高统治者,开创了神圣罗马帝国。(但神圣罗马帝国这一名称从1157年起才正式使用),和拜占庭的东罗马帝国皇帝遥相呼应。早期的神圣罗马皇帝尚拥有实权,但自霍亨施陶芬王朝(1138~1254)开始帝权逐渐衰落,皇帝也成为摆设。1806年神圣罗马帝国被拿破仑一世解散。从此,正统罗马帝国意义上的皇帝的历史结束了。
19世纪的欧洲皇帝:1806年被拿破仑赶走的神圣罗马皇帝弗兰茨,改称奥地利皇帝,一战后灭亡。拿破仑一世和三世先后建立法兰西第一和第二帝国并加冕称帝,并迅速灭亡。普鲁士建立德意志帝国并加冕称帝,一战后灭亡。纵观19世纪,教会的权力早已衰微,一个君主只要有能力进入罗马,并且不害怕树大招风的话,都可以加冕皇帝,所谓的皇帝已不代表什么正统。
3 东正教系列的皇帝
拜占庭帝国皇帝:395年罗马帝国分裂后,东罗马一支的皇帝,1453年被奥斯曼苏丹灭亡。
俄罗斯沙皇:1547年,伊凡四世加冕为沙皇,1917年灭亡。俄罗斯一直认为自己继承了东罗马帝国的正统。
4 其他皇帝
古印度经历了多次统一和分裂的过程。中国的史书一贯习惯把印度君主称为"王",如孔雀王,戒日王,阿育王,阿克巴王等,但根据其疆域,军事和文化的影响力,这些君主在西方也被称为皇帝。在这里,王和皇的差别,只是一个梵-汉-英互译中出现的问题。