根据《朗文当代英语辞典》,expressway 这一说法确实存在,但它是美国英语的用法,指的是城市内的快速干道,其英语释义如下:a very wide road,usually in a city,on which cars can travel very quickly without stopping.如此说来,expressway 似乎等同于北京市区的环路,或者说是上海、南京等大城市的高架道路. freeway,motorway 才是英语中表达高速公路的更常用词语.其中,freeway 也倾向于指市区的快速通道,根据中国地图出版社出版的中英对照的美国地图册,休斯顿市市区有 North Loop Freeway,Gulf Freeway,旧金山市中心有Southern Freeway,洛杉矶市市区有 Harbor Freeway,Santa Ana Freeway,达拉斯市闹市有 Lyndon Johnson Freeway 等等,从地图上看,这些道路都是穿越市区的.Motorway 这个单词则似乎更加对应我国的连接城市与城市,地区与地区的高速公路,因为《朗文当代英语辞典》对其下的定义是:a very wide road for traveling fast over long distances,especially between cities. 众所周知,英语中还有一个常见单词表达的也是“公路”的意思,这个单词就是 highway.《朗文当代英语辞典》对其的解释十分简明扼要,它就是指公路,尤其使用于美国英语中,其英文释义为 a broad main road that joins one town to another.interstate highway在美国十分普遍的说法,翻译成中文就是“州际公路”. “高速公路”在美国还有两个典型美国英语的说法,一个叫做 turnpike,《朗文当代英语辞典》告诉我们,它就是指“收费的高速公路”.还有一个说法叫做 toll highway,也是“收费高速公路”的意思,因为高速公路一般都是收费的.但是,美国的高速公路建设起始年代比我国早多了,因此,有些高速公路建设时所借贷的贷款早已还清,这些高速公路就不再收费了,它们在英语里就叫做 toll-free highway. 综上所述,在英语中,表示“高速公路”的英语单词有好几个,根据辞典的释义以及使用习惯,如果是穿越城市的高速公路,即类似高架一样的快速通道,可以说成是expressway 和 freeway.表示连接一个城市和另一个城市,需要穿越大片野外空旷地段的高速公路,可以说 motorway,但这个单词似乎并不很常用,至少在美国如此.美国人在表达长途高速公路的时候还是喜欢用 highway,toll highway,turnpike 等这几个词语.当然,highway 有一定的两面性,它也可以指普通公路,因此,它的意思就要看具体的语境了. 顺便提一下,很多地方为“绕城公路”翻译成了round city expressway,而实际上,绕城公路在美国翻译成beltway:美国首都华盛顿就有 capital city beltway(首都绕城公路).
highway
n.[C]
1. 公路;干道
I'm on the highway to Beijing
2. 途径;捷径[the S][(+to)]
Gambling opened up the highway to hopelessness for him
freeway
freeway除多车道、快车速,多数情况下免费,而且对开车流用草地或土堤绝对分开,有时车辆行驶中看不到对开车,路旁有安全、监测车速及防噪音设施
metro是"METROPOLITAN"的缩写,本来的意思是"大都市",很多城市的地铁用"metro",主要因为地铁公司的名字叫"metro"
比如美国华盛顿DC的地铁就叫做metro
subway,在美国 subway 的确代表地铁,在英国则不然,英国的 subway 是地下人行通道,美国人称之为 pedestrian crossing 。subway-名词.地铁.真正的地铁.可以地上,可以地下.虽然词的本意是"地下的路"
比如美国纽约的地铁,就是subway,因为地铁公司名字没有人记得.
成都宽窄巷子(英文):
=====================
Narrow Alley in Chengdu
=====================
Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, is a boom town: Foreign investment from multinationals such as Intel, Motorola and Microsoft has flooded the city.
Despite the fact that the province bore the brunt of the May 12 earthquake, Chengdu itself emerged mostly unscathed.
The city dates back more than 2,000 years to the Han Dynasty — but you have to hunt pretty hard to find any trace of old Chengdu. And if you find something that looks old, it probably isn't.
Take, for instance, the tiny street known as Narrow Alley, which is considered the "beating heart of old Chengdu" — the last remnant of the old city.
The homes that once filled the street have all been torn down. They are being rebuilt in the old style — brick construction, curved, tiled roofs with decorative trim. It all looks very old, but in fact, it's brand new.
The homes are being turned into businesses — shops, restaurants and bars — and the area is being promoted as a tourist attraction.
freeway.highway.expressway的区别为:意思不同、用法不同、侧重点不同。 一、意思不同 1、freeway:高速公路。 2、highway:公路,干道,交通要道,公用通道。 3、expressway:市内高速路。 二、用法不同 1、freeway:高速公路属于高等级公路。中国交通部《公路工程技术标准》规定,高速公路指“能适应年平均昼夜小客车交通量为25000辆以上、专供汽车分道高速行驶、并全部控制出入的公路”。 2、highway:城市快速路,属于快速路的一种,也是快速公路的主体,位居城市道路四个等级中的顶端。城市道路中设有中央分隔带,具有双向四车道以上的规模、全部或部分采用立体交叉与控制出入、供车辆以较高速度行驶的道路。 3、expressway:是指双向行车道、中央设有分隔带、进出口全部或部分采用立体交叉控制,为城市中大量、长距离和快速交通服务。快速路要有平顺的线形,与一般道路分开,使汽车能以较高的速度安全畅通地行驶。如北京的三环路和四环路、上海的外环线等。 三、侧重点不同 1、freeway:指收费的高速公路。 2、highway:指市区的快速通道。 3、expressway:指的是城市内的快速干道。
initiative [i'niʃiətiv; -ʃətiv]
n.
1. 初步;创始
2. 主动的行动;倡议
3. 主动的精神;首创精神;创始力
4. 积极性;进取心
5. 主动权;决断
6. [the initiative]公民立法提案权,创制权(公民在州议会外通过投票或请愿提出或制订新法律的权利)公民立法提案程序[参较 referendum]
adj.
1. 开始的;初步的
2. 主动的;进取的
3. 入门的;介绍的
短语
1. have the initiative
a. 掌握主动权
b. 有立法案权2. on one's own initiative主动地3. take the initiative采取主动;首先采取行动;带头
以上来源于: 《21世纪大英汉词典》
drive [draiv]
vt.
1. 赶,撵,驱赶,驱逐;迫使…后退(常与 away,off,back 等连用):
The child drove away the flies.
孩子赶走了苍蝇。
We drove back the attacking enemy.
我们迫使进攻的敌人后退了。
2. 驾驶(汽车、马车、牛车、机车等),驾驭,开车:
to drive a car
开汽车
She drives a car skillfully.
她开车很熟练。
3. 驾车(尤指汽车)运送,用车送;驾车经越:
I drove her to the airport.
我开车送她去机场。
He drove the load to the station.
他开车把货物运往车站。
4. 赶(牲口等):
to drive a mule
赶骡子
The farmer was driving his cattle along the road.
农夫沿着公路赶牛。
5. 驱使…拼命干,强迫…干活;迫使…行动;迫使…过分劳累:
The boss drives his workers hard.
那位老板总是强迫他的工人们拼命工作。
He drove the workers until they collapsed.
他迫使工人们干得一个个累趴在地。
6. 强迫,迫使,逼迫,催促,使不得不:
Her pride drove her to complete the job.
她的自尊心促使她去完成这项工作。
He was driven by necessity to steal.
他为贫困所迫而偷窃。
7. 努力经营,促成(交易等),使成(交),积极进行(交易);达成(交易,协议等):
They drove a hard bargain.
他们做成一笔困难的生意。
8. 推动,驱动,使(机器等)运转;推进:
an engine driven by steam
由蒸汽驱动的机车
a submarine driven by nuclear power
核动力驱动的潜艇
9. 【棒球】
使(跑垒者)得分
使(跑垒)得分:
He drove in two runs.
他两次跑垒得分。
10. 【高尔夫球】(从球座)发(球):
He drove the ball within ten feet of the pin.
他在离标号旗杆10英尺内发球。
11. 【体育】
猛击或猛抽(球、冰球、羽毛球等)
猛踢(球)
12. 【狩猎】
围赶(猎物)
在(地区)围赶猎物,搜寻(地区)找猎物
13. 流送(木材),把(木头)顺河(或溪)漂下:
to drive the logs down to deepwater
把木头顺流漂下深水区
14. 打,敲;拧;戳:
to drive a nail through a wall
把钉子钉穿墙壁
to drive a hole through metal
在金属板上打洞
15. 为…的决定性因素;对…起到制约作用:
Rents in our city are driven by availability.
我们市的房租高低取决于房源。
16. 【建筑业】凿,挖掘;钻凿出(洞);打(隧道):
to drive a tunnel under the canal
在运河下面挖隧道
to drive a tunnel through a mountain
开山凿隧道
17. 【采矿】掘进(平巷):
to drive a mine
挖矿井
18. 消除,驱除:
He was driven from a position of power by his political enemies.
他被他的政敌赶下了台。
to drive away these feelings of sadness
驱散这些悲戚之感
19. 使堆积,使聚集:
The snowflakes were driven against the hut by a gale.
大风把雪片刮到小屋旁边堆积起来。
20. 拖延,延迟:
to drive the schedule time
推迟预定时间
21. [新西兰英语]用即将砍倒的树撞倒(其他树)
22. 逼良为娼
23. (原因、因素等)起决定作用
vi.
1. 驾驶;驾车,开车;赶车,行车;(机动车)被驾驶;驱赶牲口:
She is learning to drive.
她在学开车。
She has driven out.
她开车出去了。
2. 驾车行驶;乘车旅行;乘车,搭车:
I drive to work with her.
我驾车同她一起去上班。
We usually drive to the country on Sunday.
星期天我们通常驾车到乡下。
3. 会开汽车;开动(或操作)机动车:
He drives well.
他车子开得很好。
4. 领到有效驾驶执照:
You can't drive until you're 18 years old.
年满18岁才允许领驾驶执照。
5. 驱进,被驱使;向前疾驶;猛冲;猛进,突进;飞跑;趋向;(尤指迅速)漂流:
The computers are driving into other countries.
电脑正在迅猛地进入其他国家。
Our troops are driving toward the enemy stronghold.
我们部队正向敌人的据点推进。
6. (朝一目标)努力争取;瞄准;打击:
I'm still driving away at the dictionary.
我仍在孜孜不倦地编这部词典。
7. 努力(或奋力)地干,拼命干:
Even after winning the game they continue to drive.
即使赢得比赛,他们还要继续拼搏。
8. 【高尔夫球】发球:
He drove long and straight throughout the match.
他在整个比赛中发球长而直。
9. 【体育】
猛击球,抽球
(球拍)适于击球
10. 【篮球】带球直接投篮
11. [英国口语]在林中赶拢牲口
12. 【采矿】掘进平巷
13. [美国口语]以强劲的节奏演奏音乐,刚劲有力地演奏音乐(尤指爵士乐)
n.
1. 驾驶;行驶
2. 驾(或驱)车旅行(尤指驱车娱乐,短途旅游);驾车旅行的路程
3.
(对猎物的)围赶,哄赶
(对牛等牲口的)驱赶
(木材的)顺水流送
4.
被围赶的猎物
被驱赶的畜群
流送的木材
5.
【心理学】内驱力
冲动,欲望,本能要求;推动力,驱策力
6. 努力;冲力,动力
7. 【军事】(军事上的)大规模进攻,强大的军事攻势
8. (募捐等)运动,热潮
9. 精力,干劲,魄力,雄心
10. 能动性,积极性,主动性
11. 逼迫;紧迫;压力
12.
(公园等风景优美的)车行道
(尤指从大路通往车库或宅门的)私人车道
[D-][用于路名]大道,路
13. [英国英语](尤指纸牌的)比赛
14. 【机械学】
驱动,传动
驱动机构,传动装置
15. 【汽车】驱动;驱动机构
16. 【体育】
(球、冰球、羽毛球等的)猛击,猛抽
击球法
球的飞行
17. 【高尔夫球】发球
18. 【篮球】扣篮
19. 【电子学】激励
20. 冲击;撞击;打击
21. 【计算机】(磁盘或磁带的)驱动器,驱动机构(=disk drive)
22. 【采矿】平巷
23. [美国俚语](吸毒后产生的)迷幻感,刺激感,兴奋,激动
adj.
1. 驱动的,传动的
2. 用于驱动的,用于传动的
变形:
vt.drove 或 dravedrivendriving
drive [draiv]
n.
1. the act of applying force to propel something
after reaching the desired velocity the drive is cut off
2. a mechanism by which force or power is transmitted in a machine
a variable speed drive permitted operation through a range of speeds
3. a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end
the team was ready for a drive toward the pennant
4. a road leading up to a private house
they parked in the driveway
5. the trait of being highly motivated
his drive and energy exhausted his co-workers
6. hitting a golf ball off of a tee with a driver
he sliced his drive out of bounds
7. the act of driving a herd of animals overland
8. a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile)
he took the family for a drive in his new car
9. a physiological state corresponding to a strong need or desire
10. (computer science) a device that writes data onto or reads data from a storage medium
11. a wide scenic road planted with trees
the riverside drive offers many exciting scenic views
12. (sports) a hard straight return (as in tennis or squash)
v.
1. operate or control a vehicle
drive a car or bus Can you drive this four-wheel truck?
2. travel or be transported in a vehicle
3. cause someone or something to move by driving
4. force into or from an action or state, either physically or metaphorically
He drives me mad
5. to compel or force or urge relentlessly or exert coercive pressure on, or motivate strongly
She is driven by her passion
6. cause to move back by force or influence
7. compel somebody to do something, often against his own will or judgment
8. push, propel, or press with force
9. cause to move rapidly by striking or throwing with force
drive the ball far out into the field
10. strive and make an effort to reach a goal
11. move into a desired direction of discourse
12. have certain properties when driven
My new truck drives well
13. work as a driver
He drives a bread truck She drives for the taxi company in Newark
14. move by being propelled by a force
15. urge forward
drive the cows into the barn
16. proceed along in a vehicle
We drive the turnpike to work
17. strike with a driver, as in teeing off
drive a golf ball
18. hit very hard and straight with the bat swinging more or less vertically
drive a ball
19. excavate horizontally
drive a tunnel
20. cause to function by supplying the force or power for or by controlling
The amplifier drives the tube steam drives the engines this device drives the disks for the computer
21. hunting: search for game
drive the forest
22. hunting: chase from cover into more open ground
drive the game
祝你学习进步,更上一层楼!请记得采纳,谢谢!(*^__^*)
fast track
英 [fɑ:st træk]
美 [fæst træk]
n.快车道; 快行道
复数: fast tracks
过去式: fast tracked
现在分词: fast tracking
第三人称单数: fast tracks
双语例句
1. Many Croats and Slovenes saw independence as the fast track to democracy.
很多克罗地亚人和斯洛文尼亚人把独立看作通往民主的捷径。
来自柯林斯例句
2. He was told that, at 28, he was too old for fast-track promotion.
有人告诉他,28岁的他已经过了破格提升的年龄。
来自柯林斯例句
3. Indeed, fast - track now depends on Doha, not the other way around.
确实, 快速通道取决于多哈, 而不是其他回合.
来自互联网
4. I was on the fast track to success in my company.
在公司里,我平步青云.
来自互联网
5. He took a fast track to the top of the corporate ladder.
他在通向公司阶梯顶层时走了一条捷径.
来自互联网
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