拿破仑，十九世纪法国伟大的军事家、政治家，法兰西第一帝国的缔造者。历任法兰西第一共和国第一执政，法兰西第一帝国皇帝。下面是我给大家整理的拿破仑的英文简介，供大家参阅!
NapoléonBonaparte/Italian:NapoleoneBuonaparte,August15,1769-May5,1821),NapoléonI,borninCorsica,nineteenthcenturyFrance'sgreatmilitarystrategist,politician,founderofthefirstempireofFrance.ServedasthefirstrulingofthefirstrepublicofFrance(1799-1984),thefirstemperorofFrance(1804-1815).
NapoleononNovember6,1804crownedemperor,theRepublicintotheempire.Duringthereignofthe"Frenchemperor",isalsothehistoryofCharlesIIIafterthesecondtoenjoythenameoftheFrenchemperor.
Hehasenactedthe"NapoleonicCode",whichhasperfectedtheworldlegalsystemandlaidthesocialorderoftheWesterncapitalistcountries.ForeignforcesledbytheUnitedStates,theUnitedStates,Russiaandothercountriesoftheanti-Frenchalliance,towinmorethan50fieldoflarge-scalecampaign,aheavyblowtotheEuropeancountriesfeudalsystem,todefendtheresultsoftheFrenchRevolution.DuringhisreigninFrance,heextendedtotheNapoleonicWars,becametheProtectoroftheKingofItaly,theProtectoroftheRhineConfederation,theSwissFederalArbitrator,theFrenchEmpireColonial(includingtheFrenchcolonies,theDutchcolonies,theSpanishcolonies,etc.).Inthemostgloriousperiod,Europe,excepttheUnitedKingdom,therestofthecountrytoNapoleonsurrenderoralliance.FormedahugeNapoleonicempiresystem,creatingaseriesofmilitaryandpoliticalmiraclesandshortgloriousachievements.
Napoleonabdicatedin1814andthenexiledtoElbaIsland.Aftertheestablishmentofthe100thdynastyin1815againafterthedefeatofWaterloowasexiled.May5,1821,NapoleondiedinSt.HelenaIsland.In1840,hiscoffinwasgreetedinParis,France,agrandburiedintheFrenchbanksoftheSeineRiverinParis(theoldhospitalinParisdisabled).
political
Launchedacoup,seizedpower,achievedacentralizedmonarchy,developedcapitalism,protectedthebourgeoisie.
Napoleonwasawell-deservedbourgeoisrevolutionist.Herepeatedlyrepulsedanti-Frenchcoalitioninvasionandrepressionofreactionaryrebellionsathomeandabroad,protectedtheresultsoftheFrenchRevolution,overthrewtheoldautocraticregime.
NapoleondefendedtheresultsoftheFrenchRevolutionduringtheGreatRevolutionandprotectedthevestedinterestsofthebourgeoisrevolutionintheFrenchrepublic.Makingthe1815Frenchmonarchdespoticfinallyrestoredwhenthepeoplewereopposed.Napoleon'srulingmeasuresnotonlyhadafar-reachingimpactinFrance,butalsoaffectedhisconquest.Napoleonthroughthecampaign,theFrenchbourgeoisrevolutionvictoryfruitspreadtovaryingdegreestotheFrenchwhereverhewent.ThesocialimpactoftheFrenchbourgeoisrevolutionhasbecomeanoverwhelmingforceinthedevelopingcountriesofWesterncapitalism.Napoleonmadeanimportantcontributioninlayingthebourgeoispoliticalsystemandpromotingthedevelopmentofcapitalism.Napoleon'sdominanceisaconcentratedexpressionoftheFrenchbourgeoisnature,andhisdomesticandforeignpoliciesrepresenttheinterestsofthebourgeoisieandprotectthecapitalisteconomicbase.
NapoleonalsohasahugeindirectimpactonthehistoryofLatinAmerica.HisinvasionofSpainweakenedthestrengthofthelocalgovernment,sothatitwillnotcontrolitscoloniesinLatinAmericainthenextfewyears.Basedonthecurrentactualperiodofautonomy,theindependentmovementofLatinAmericabegan.
Inaddition,NapoleonwasthefirsttoputforwardtheideaoftheUnitedStatesofEuropa,andtriedtoachievethroughtheforceofpeople.Althoughhedidnotsucceedinachievingthisdream,butthetwenty-firstcentury,Europeismovingtowardsthegoalofintegration.
Economy
1.Economicliberalismandstateintervention
Theliberalizationofagricultureandtrade(inthelateimperialinterventioninthestate),thegovernmentcantakeaseriesofmeasuresasneeded.Setupaseriesofeconomicassociationstoguidethesupervisionofeconomicactivities.1801setupthe"NationalEconomicAssociation",1803setupmanufacturingassociations,setupin1810"factoryworkshopmanagementcommittee",setupin1811MinistryofIndustryandCommerce.Restorationofindustrialexhibitionstoencouragethedevelopmentofanimalhusbandry,breedinghorses,cattleandotherlivestock,toencouragethecultivationofpotatoes,beets,cotton.
Theeconomybecomesapoliticalsubsidiary,andalleconomicactivitiesaresubjecttopoliticalneeds.
2.Establishabanktorectifythefinancialsystem
In1998,fiscalreformwascarriedouttoraisetaxessuchaslandtaxandrealestatetax.In1800foundedtheFrenchbank,unifiedcurrency,toencouragethedevelopmentofcapitalistindustryandcommerce.Thisseriesofinitiativesisconducivetothestabilityofthemilitaryandthedevelopmentofcapitalism.
3.TariffProtectionand"MainlandEconomicBlockade"Policy
Napoleon's"continentaleconomicblockade"policywasdetrimentaltothesubsequentdevelopmentoftheEuropeancontinent,butwhencapitalismwastakingrootinWesterncountries,thecontinentaleconomicblockadeprotectedtheearlydevelopmentofcapitalism.NapoleonistherepresentativeoftheFrenchbigbourgeoisie,heusedthe"mainlandeconomicblockade"policytoprotecttheFrenchbourgeoisiedominance.
4.IndustrialRiseandRewardPolicy
Atthebeginningofthe19thcentury,Franceopenedthepreludetotheindustrialrevolution.Napoleonhasalwaysbeentheattitudeoftheindustrialrevolution.AtthattimetheFrenchcottontextileindustrywastheriseofthepurchaseofalargenumberofBritishJennymachine,productionincreasedbyfourtimes.
Law
In1804promulgatedthe"NapoleonicCode"(the"CivilCode"),issuedin1807,"CommercialCode",issuedin1810,"CriminalCode",thesestatutesbecamethemoderncapitalistlegalsystemoflegalnorms.
"NapoleonCode"wasoriginallyknownasthe"CivilCodeoftheRepublicofFrance",isatypicalbourgeoiscivilcode,dividedintothree,35chapters,2281,theCodewasintroducedin1804,mostofthetermsNapoleonpersonallyinvolvedinthediscussion,,Napoleonhadattendedmorethan90timesatthe100meetingsoftheCivilCode,andtheNapoleonicCodewasnolongersimplyalegalwork,butadistinctiveeraandpoliticalcolor,BecauseofNapoleonmadeoutstandingcontributions,"FrenchCivilCode"isalsoknownas"NapoleonCode".
"NapoleonCode"includescriminallaw,criminalprocedurelaw,civillaw,civilprocedurelaw,constitution,commerciallaw,theestablishmentofarelativelycompletelegalsystem,constitutetheNapoleoniceraandevenforalongtimeintheFrenchsixlawsystem.TheenactmentofthesestatuteshasgreatlycontributedtothelegalnormsofFrenchlegalsocietyatthattimeandforalongtimetocome."NapoleonCode"alsoincludespropertyrights,claims,marriage,inheritance,andmanypeoplestillusetheconceptofcivillaw,isthefirsttothebasicprinciples,theessenceofintegritytomoderncivilsociety.
"NapoleonCode",inthelawtoprotectthenewlyestablishedsmalllandtenure.Whichensuredthesacredinviolabilityoftheownershipofprivateproperty,establishedthecommoditytradeandtheorderofvalueunderthemarketeconomy,andfurtherdisseminatedthefruitsoftheFrenchbourgeoisrevolutionandmaintainedthebasichumanrightsoftheFrenchordinarypeople.Itisbecauseofthis,manypeoplethinkthat"NapoleonCode"isanimportantsymbolandproductoftheendoftheFrenchrevolution,thebasichumanrightsintheDeclarationofHumanRightsonpropertyrightsandreputation.
TheNapoleonicCodewaspracticedintheterritoryoccupiedbytheNapoleonicArmy,soitwaswidelycirculatedinhistory,andallthelawsoftheEuropeancapitalistcountriesalmostallborrowedthecode,whichregulatedthesocialorderoftheWesterncapitalistcountries,Theinterestsofthebourgeoisie,embodiestheprinciplesoftheFrenchRevolution,theessence,
WhenNapoleonwasdefeatedandexiledtoSt.Helena,hesaid,"Iamtrulyglorious,notthefortyvictories(morethanfiftytimes),andtheWaterloowarhaswipedoutallaboutitAllthememory,butonethingisnotforgottenbypeople,itwillbeimmortal-thatismy"FrenchCivilCode."
Scienceandeducation
DuringtheFirstEmpireofFrance,theretentionofthenationaleducationsystemwasestablished,theestablishmentofpublicschoolsandtheUniversityofFrancetocultivatetalentstoencouragetheriseofscientificresearchandtechnologyeducation.
InDecember1797,fromtheItaliantriumphofNapoleonwasawardedthetitleoftheAcademyofFranceacademician.NapoleonexpeditiontoEgyptalsosetuptheEgyptianAcademyofSciences,theappointmentofdeanasdean,sincethevicepresident,andoftentheAcademyofSciencesgatheredtodiscusstheissue.TheexpeditionopenedthescientificresearchofancientEgyptiancivilization,manypreciousculturalrelics,mineralsandfloraandfaunawereshippedtoFrance,thefamousRosettastoneisfoundintheexpedition.
Napoleonisextremelyconcernedaboutthecauseofscienceandculture.Aftertakingoffice,heregularlyattendedthemeetingoftheInstitute,invitedtheacademicianstoreportonscientificprogress,manyawardsawardedtoscientists,includingVolt,Davidandotherforeignscientists.Intheearlydaysofhisadministration,hedividedthetwosidesintothefoundationandapplicationofthePolytechnic,Artillery,RoadandBridgeandothercollegesanduniversities(the"university").ParisPolytechnicwasoriginallybornintheRepublicansystem,Napoleoncoronationoftheemperor,intheseconddayoftheparade,willbeembroideredwith"forthemotherland,scienceandhonor,"afewwordsofthebanners,personallyawardedtoparticipateinthereviewofthePolytechnicOfthestudents,thuswinningtheirloyalty.Napoleoneachtimesetoff,havegraduatesofPolytechnictofollow.InthefirstempireofFrance,Polytechnicgraduates,andlaterbecametheFrenchAcademyofSciencesonthe16people.
Napoleon'sconcernforthecauseofscienceandculturehascontributedtotheprosperityoftheFrenchscience.ItcanbesaidthattheNapoleonicerawasoneofthemostabundantscientificachievementsinFrenchhistory.Laplacas,Lagrangian,Mongolian,SadiCarnot,Fourier,GayLusack,Lamarck,Juweileavesalargenumberofdazzlingscientificstars.
Napoleonreorganizedtheinstitute,makingittheofficialrepresentativeoftheFrenchcultureandservingthenationalinterest.Inthelightoftheblueprintdrawnbyenlightenmentthinkers,theInstitutesincetheFrenchRevolutionwasunderthenationaleducationsystem,whileNapoleonlaidthenationaleducationsystemthatcontinuedthecentralizedmanagementsofar.Amongthem,theuniversityistomonitortheentireeducationsystemandtheestablishmentofthecentralauthoritieshaveabsolutecontrol.Theheadofstatedirectlyappointeddirector,directoroftheuniversitydistrict,bytheschooldistrictgovernormanagement,supervisionofthecity'suniversitiesandprimaryandsecondaryschools.Teachersbecomepartofthenationalbureaucracy,thusrealizingthestate'smonopolyoneducation.
In1808,Napoleonorderedtherestorationofhighernormalschoolstobecomeamodelschooldedicatedtothedevelopmentofnationalsecondaryschoolteachers.Theeducationofvocationalandspecializedschoolstrainedwell-trainedstaffforthearmyandgovernment.Centralizedscienceandeducationsystemtoacertainextent,topromotescientificprosperity,butscientificresultscanonlybefullyappliedtothewholesocietyinordertotrulyrealizethecountry'sstrong.
Hugo:failedtoturnthelosersbecomemorenoble,downtheBonaparteseemstobeevenhigherthantheNapoleonevenhigher.NapoleonisthewarofMichelangelo.Heisthemasterofthereconstructionoftheruinsofthemaster,isCharlietheGreat,LouisXI,HenryIV,Richelieu,LouisXIV,thesuccessorofthePublicSecurityCommittee,hecertainlyhasablemish,thereisnodoubt,evenevil,thatheIsaman;butheisstillsolemninthenegligence,inthestainisstillexcellent,intheevilisstillamaleonly.
Stern:Nooneinthisworldcanbecomparedwithhim,Napoleonistoprovetotheworld:afterafewcenturies,CaesarandAlexanderfinallysucceeded.
Goethe:Inmyopinion,Napoleon'sfairytaleislike"JohnRevelation",andeveryonefeelsthatthereissomethinghidden,butwillnotknowwhatitis.
OnthedaywhenNapoleonfailedinLeipzig,GoetonwroteaclassicpoemforNapoleonforhundredsofyears:"Heroesareloftyintheirhearts,andtheysetsailtowardthethrone."
Hegel:thebalanceoftheworldisbecausethereistheexistenceofGod,thereasonwhythebalanceoftheEuropeanscales,becausethereNapoleon,NapoleonisthepresenceofGod.
Marx:Napoleonhaslearnedthetruenatureofthemodernstate;hehasunderstoodthattheunimpededdevelopmentofthebourgeoisregimeandthefreemovementofprivateinterestsarethebasicmanifestationsofthesecountries,hedecidedtorecognizeandprotectthisfoundation.
Engels:bringhiscodetothecountryheconquered,andthiscodeismuchbetterthanthepreviouscode,anditrecognizesequalityinprinciple.
Churchill:NooneintheworldisgreaterthanNapoleon.
RomanRoland:short,pale,seeminglydarkattheendoftheeye,athickblackhair.Oftenwearingafloatingblackrobe,withathickbelttied,likepilgrimslike.Nottrendy,nortocomplywiththenarrowrulesofsociety.Sittinginachairuncomfortable,butoftencross-leggedonthestool,orperchedinthewindowsill;sometimeslivelyandlaughing,sometimessankinhesitation.Inshort,abigdreamerlivinginadream.
Lenin:ThewaroftheFrenchRevolutionwasatfirstthewarofliberation,andindeeditneededsuchawar.Thesewarswereinherentlyrevolutionary,protectingthegreatrevolutionarymovementagainsttherebelmonarchy.WhenNapoleonestablishedtheNapoleonicEmpire,enslavedmanyofEurope'slong-established,viablenation,thestate,theFrenchnationalistwarbecametheimperialcapitalistwar,andthisaggressionandexpansionofthewarhasbecomeopposedNapoleonicEmpiresystemofself-defensefightback.
LiddellHart:Threedecadeshavepassed,anda"greatwar"preludebegantoopen.NapoleonBonaparte'sgeniusmadethewarshine.Asinthelastcentury,FranceposedaseriousthreattotherestofEurope,makingthesecountriesunitedagainstit.However,thedevelopmentofthiswarisdifferentfromthepast.AftertherevolutioninFrancethereweremanysympathizers,buttheywereneithernationalauthoritiesnornationalones.WhenFrancebegantowaralone,itwasforcedtobeisolatedfromothernations,asifitwereaninfectiousdisease.However,Francenotonlydefeatedthekindofjointforcesthatwantedtoputittodeath,butalsoformedaseriousmilitarythreattootherEuropeancountriesaftertherevolution,andeventuallybecamethemasterofalargepartofEurope.
ZhouEnlai:theheroofthetimes,ifitisalsoitspublic,butnotmytheoryinXiangYu,Napoleonalso.Husbandtwooftheworld'sstrangegeekalso.Withtheannexationofeightheartoftheheart,all-powerfulwind;Yongcrownmillionhusband,wisdomextraordinaryvulgar;invincible,attackalltake;enemyofthesmelloftheshock,womenandchildrenthinkingandchic;underthecentury,still懔懔Thereisanger,notjustIofthemaleKazuya!Iftherelationshipbetweentheadvanceandretreatoftheworld,theriseandfallofmankind,notamomentHaojun,twoorthreescholarscanbethesameday.Althoughtheemperor'srespect,thepowerofreligion,thetrendofmoney,easytoeasy.Sothesecondofthosewho,myso-calledheroesofthetimesalsomade.Apersonshoulddevelopthehabitofrelyingontheirown,eveninthemostcriticaltime,butalsotobelievetheircourageandperseverance.
GeorgeLefebvre(Frenchbourgeoishistorian):NapoleongaveitawholesetofadministrativeinstitutionswhenthenewnationaftertheFrenchRevolutionhadnotyetbeenfinalized,whichwasclearlyamasterpieceofthemaster.TheFrenchRevolutionin1789hadforcedthebourgeoisietogainpower,butthenthedemocraticforcesofthefightagainstthem,undertheprotectionoftheemperor,theupstartwasabletokeeptheregime,toproliferateitswealthandexpanditspower;Thethreatofthepoor,theyarepreparedtoownthestagetorule,andtorestoreliberalism.InEurope,thespreadofFrance,theinfluenceofBritain,thedevelopmentofcapitalism,andtheconsequentgrowthofthebourgeoisie,allleadtothesameconsequences,NapoleonshooktheoldsystemofEuropeancountries,andmodernEuropeancountriesTheprinciplesoftheneworderextendedtootherpartsofEurope,greatlyacceleratingtheprocessofthisevolution.Thevigorousdevelopmentoftheculture,thedeclarationofthepeople'ssovereignty,thespreadofromanticismandsoallindicatetheawakeningofnationalism,Napoleon'sterritorialadjustmentandvariousreformstopromotethisawakening....Napoleon'spersonalinfluenceisprecious,butonlytofollowthehistoricaltrendofpromotingtheprocessofEuropeancivilization,hisinfluencecanplayarole.
ZhangZhilian(Chinesehistorian):Napoleon'sbourgeoisregimetoachievethewar,emperor,interests,cannotoverthrowtheresults,theCode,therevolutionaryanti-feudalsignificance.